Unit 7 : Going on a Tour
In this unit, you will explore, learn and practice vocabulary related to tour through reading topic which is the " Four-day tour of Mondulkiri and Ratanakiri" , learn the meanings and uses adverbs of sequences and number adjectives. You will also learn and identify key places in the capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh.
Vocabulary Section
These are the key words extracted from the reading on page 35 and 36 of English Grade 12. Each word will be explained in Khmer and simple English explanation with an example for each word.
1. To collect Sb from : ទៅយកនរណាម្នាកពីកន្លែងណាមួយ
Meaning : To pick up someone at a particular place.
Example : I'll collect you from your home tomorrow at 7 am.
2. Coffee plantation : ចំការការហ្វេ
Meaning : A coffee plantation can also mean coffee farming. It is an area of land that is planted with a lot of coffee plants of coffee.
Example : My grandfather has a large coffee plantation at Mondulkiri province.
3. Taste (v) : ភ្កក់
Meaning : To taste mean to put a little thing especially food in the mouth to check if it is good or not.
Example : Have you ever tasted Cambodian durians?
4. Set off (Phr-v) : ចេញដំណើរ
Meaning : To set off means to start a journey.
Example : Let's set off now or we will be late.
5. Waterfall (n) : ទឹកធ្លាក់
Meaning : The water that is falling from a higher place especially from the top of the mountain.
Example : Tourists enjoy watching waterfalls in Cambodia.
6. Costume (n) សម្លៀកបំពាក់
Meaning: Special clothes worn for a festival, ceremony, or performance.
Example: Tourists like to wear Cambodian traditional clothes when they visit Angkor Wat temple.
7. Culture (n) វប្បធម៍
Meaning: The traditions, beliefs, food, music, and way of life of a group of people.
Example: A lot of foreigners are interested in Cambodian culture since it is rich in traditions and festivals.
8. Trek (n) ការដើរកំសាន្តកាត់ទីជនបទ
Meaning: A long walk, especially in the countryside, mountains, or forest.
Example: They enjoy going on a trek through the forest.
9. Scenery (n) ទេសភាព
Meaning: The beautiful natural things you can see in a place.
Example: The scenery around the waterfall is stunning.
10. Viewpoint (n) កន្លែងមើលទេសភាពបានទាំងមូល
Meaning: A place where you can see a beautiful or wide area.
Example: We stopped at the viewpoint to take photos.
11. Gentle (adj) សុភាព ទន់ភ្លន់ តិចៗ ថ្មមៗ
Meaning: Kind, calm, and not rough or strong.
Example: The guide was gentle and friendly with the visitors.
12. Temple (n) ប្រាសាទ វត្ត
Meaning: A special building where people go to pray or practice religion.
Example: Many tourists visit the ancient temples in Cambodia.
13. National park (n) ឧទ្យានជាតិ
Meaning: A large natural area protected by the government.
Example: We visited Bokor National Park during our holiday.
14. Ethnic village (n) ភូមិកុលសម្ព័ន
Meaning: A village where people from a particular ethnic group live and keep their traditional way of life.
Example: The tourists visited an ethnic village and learned about local traditions.
15. Protected forest (n) ព្រៃដែលត្រូវបានការពារ
Meaning: A forest that is protected from activities that can harm nature.
Example: Many wild animals live in the protected forest.
16. Buddha (n) ព្រះពុទ្ធ
Meaning: The teacher whose teachings became the basis of Buddhism; also, an image or statue of him.
Example: There is a large Buddha statue inside the temple.
17. Souvenir (n) វត្តុអនុស្សាវរីយ
Meaning: Something you buy or keep to remember a place you visited.
Example: I bought a small Cambodian scarf as a souvenir.
18. Relax (v) លំហែរអារម្មណ៍
Meaning: To rest and enjoy yourself without working.
Example: I like to relax under a tree after a long walk.
19. Local (adj) ក្នុងស្រុក
Meaning: From or belonging to a particular place.
Example: We tried some local Cambodian food.
20. Surround (v) ព័ន្ទជុំវិញ
Meaning: To be all around something or someone.
Example: Green trees surround the small village.
Adverbs of Sequences
Part 1: What Are Adverbs of Sequence?
Adverbs of sequence are words or phrases that tell us the order in which actions or events happen.
They are especially useful when:
- Giving instructions
- Explaining a process
- Telling a story
- Describing daily activities
- Writing recipes
- Explaining how to do something
Common Adverbs of Sequence
The most common adverbs of sequence are:
- First
- First of all
- Second
- Then
- Next
- After that
- Later
- Finally
- Lastly
These words help readers and listeners understand what happens before and after something else.
1. First
First is used to introduce the first action or event.
Structure:
First, + subject + verb.
Examples:
- First, I brush my teeth.
- First, students read the instructions.
- First, we need to prepare the ingredients.
- First, Dara goes to the market.
Cambodian Context Example:
- First, Sokha gets on his bicycle and rides to school.
First of all has a similar meaning to first, but it is often used when introducing the beginning of an explanation.
Examples:
- First of all, open your textbook.
- First of all, we need to understand the question.
- First of all, wash your hands before cooking.
Second introduces the second step or event.
Examples:
- First, open the door. Second, turn on the light.
- First, prepare your notebook. Second, write the date.
- First, wash the vegetables. Second, cut them into small pieces.
Then means "after that" or "next in time."
It is one of the most common sequence words in English.
Examples:
- I finished my homework. Then, I watched television.
- First, she took a shower. Then, she got dressed.
- Mix the flour. Then, add the eggs.
Next introduces the following action or step.
Examples:
- First, open your book. Next, read the passage.
- We visited Angkor Wat. Next, we went to the local market.
- First, boil the water. Next, add the noodles.
Both words can show sequence.
Then is commonly used to show what happened afterward.
I ate breakfast. Then, I went to work.Next is especially useful when explaining steps or instructions.
First, click the button. Next, enter your password.6. After That
After that means after the previous action or event.
Examples:
- I finished my lunch. After that, I went back to class.
- The students completed the exercise. After that, the teacher checked their answers.
- We visited the museum. After that, we had dinner.
Later means at a time after the present event.
Examples:
- I will call you later.
- We studied English in the morning and played football later.
- She went shopping and later visited her grandmother.
Finally introduces the last action or event in a sequence.
Examples:
- Finally, we arrived home.
- Mix all the ingredients. Finally, put the cake in the oven.
- Finally, the students submitted their homework.
First, I wake up at 6:00 a.m. Then, I take a shower. Next, I eat breakfast. After that, I go to school. Finally, I return home in the evening.
Numbers and Time in English
When we talk about time, distance, age, price, measurement, or duration, numbers are very important in English.
However, there is an important difference between these two sentences:
It takes me three hours to get to my hometown.
and
It is a three-hour drive to my hometown.
Both sentences have almost the same meaning, but they use numbers and nouns in different ways.
This lesson explains the grammar behind these expressions and shows you how to use them naturally in everyday English.
1. “It Takes Three Hours…”
We use it takes + amount of time + to + verb to say how much time is necessary to do something.
Basic Structure
It takes + person + amount of time + to + verb
Examples:
- It takes me three hours to get to my hometown.
- It takes her two hours to finish her homework.
- It takes us 30 minutes to get to school.
- It takes him one hour to cook dinner.
- It takes them five days to travel around Cambodia.
The expression tells us how long an activity takes.
2. “It Takes Me Three Hours to Get to My Hometown”
Let's look at the example:
It takes me three hours to get to my hometown.
We can divide the sentence into parts:
- It takes = requires time
- me = the person doing the activity
- three hours = the amount of time
- to get = the action
- to my hometown = the destination
Meaning
The journey from where I am to my hometown requires three hours.
You can also say:
- It takes me three hours to travel to my hometown.
- It takes me three hours to go to my hometown.
- It takes me about three hours to get home.
3. Why Do We Say “Three Hours”?
When a number is more than one, the noun normally has a plural form.
Examples:
- one hour
- two hours
- three hours
- four hours
- five hours
Therefore:
✅ It takes three hours to get there.
❌ It takes three hour to get there.
The word hours is plural because the number is three.
4. “It Is a Three-Hour Drive”
Now let's look at the second sentence:
It is a three-hour drive to my hometown.
This sentence uses a different structure.
Here, three-hour describes the noun drive.
A three-hour drive means:
a drive that takes three hours.
More examples:
- It is a two-hour drive to Phnom Penh.
- It is a four-hour drive to the beach.
- It is a five-hour journey by bus.
- It was a ten-minute walk to the market.
- It is a 30-minute lesson.
- We had a three-day trip.
5. Why Is “Hour” Singular?
This is one of the most important rules in this lesson.
When we use a number + unit of measurement as a compound adjective before a noun, the unit stays singular.
Correct:
- a three-hour drive
- a two-hour lesson
- a five-day trip
- a ten-minute walk
Incorrect:
- a three-hours drive
- a two-hours lesson
- a five-days trip
- a ten-minutes walk
6. Use a Hyphen
When a number and a measurement work together as an adjective before a noun, we normally use a hyphen.
Examples:
- a three-hour drive
- a two-hour class
- a five-day trip
- a ten-minute break
- a twenty-minute walk
- a six-month course
- a one-year program
The hyphen helps show that the words belong together.
Compare:
It takes three hours to get there.
Here, three hours is an amount of time.
But:
It is a three-hour drive.
Here, three-hour describes drive.
The unit of time is singular because the entire expression works as one adjective.
Common Mistakes
Mistake 1: Using a plural noun after a compound adjective- (Wrong) It is a three-hours drive.
- (Right) It is a three-hour drive.
- (Wrong) It takes three hour.
- (Right) It takes three hours.
- (Wrong) It is a three hour drive.
- (Right) It is a three-hour drive.
Mistake 4: Using “hours” before the noun
- (Wrong) It is a two-hours lesson.
- (Right) It is a two-hour lesson.
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