Unit 8 : River Life | Present Active and Passive Voice - English for Cambodia Grade 12

Introduction : River Life

In this unit, you will be learning words that are frequently used to describe things along the river. As the name suggests, river life literally means life of people or things along the river in Cambodia. And you will also learn present active and passive voice. The vocabulary part part will have English and Khmer explanation. 

Vocabulary  ( English Khmer Meaning)

Transport (v) : ដឹកជញ្ជូន

Transportation (n) : ការដឹកជញ្ជូន

Crop (n) : ដំណាំ

Make money (v-phr) : រកប្រាក់

Fishing boat (n) : ទូកនេសាទ

River bank (n) : មាត់ទន្លេ

Flood (v) : ជន់

Pollute (v) : បំពុល

Pollution (n) : ការបំពុល

Ruin (v) : ធ្វើអោយខូច

Chemical (n) : សារៈធាតុគីមី

Waterway (n) : ផ្លូវទឹក

Irrigation (n) : ធារាសាស្ត្រ

Dry (v) : ធ្វើអោយស្ងួត

Garbage (n) : សម្រាម

Water (v) : ស្រោចទឹក

Cover (v) : គ្របដណ្តប់

Replant (v) : ដាំឡើងវិញ

Sow (v) : ព្រោះ

Row (n) : រង ជួរ

Seed (n) : គ្រាប់

In advance : ទុកជាមុន 

Take care of : មើលថែ

English Meanings with examples

1. Transport (v)
Meaning: To move people or things from one place to another.
Example: Boats transports good along the Mekong River.

 
2. Transportation (n)
Meaning: The system or way of moving people or things from one place to another.
Example: Boats are a popular form of transportation along the Mekong River.

 
3. Crop (n)
Meaning: A plant that farmers grow for food or money.
Example: Most Cambodian farmers grow rice to earn their living.

 
4. Make money (v-phr)
Meaning: To earn money by working or doing business.
Example: Fishermen make money buy catching and selling fishes.

 
5. Fishing boat (n)
Meaning: A boat used for catching fish.
Example: A good fishing boat is very important for a fisherman.

 
6. River bank (n)
Meaning: The land along the side of a river.
Example: People grow different crops along the river banks.

 
7. Flood (v)
Meaning: To cover an area with too much water.
Example: Heavy rain in rainy season often flood the farmer's crops.

 
8. Pollute (v)
Meaning: To make air, water, or land dirty and harmful.
Example: Wastes from factories can pollute the river.

 
9. Pollution (n)
Meaning: Dirty or harmful substances in the environment.
Example: Plastic waste is a major source of water pollution.

 
10. Ruin (v)
Meaning: To destroy or badly damage something.
Example: Constant rain gradually ruins the ancient temples.

 
11. Chemical (n)
Meaning: A substance used or produced in a chemical process.
Example: Vegetales and fruits that are grown by using chemicals are not good for our health.

 
12. Waterway (n)
Meaning: A river, canal, or other route where boats can travel.
Example: The Mekong River is an important waterway for transportation in Cambodia.

 
13. Irrigation (n)
Meaning: The process of supplying water to land or crops.
Example: Good irrigation is essential for all farmers around the world.

 
14. Dry (v)
Meaning: To remove water or become without water.
Example: The hot sun can dry the soil, puddles and small ponds quickly.

 
15. Garbage (n)
Meaning: Waste or things that people throw away.
Example: Do not throw garbage into the water or on the road.

 
16. Water (v)
Meaning: To give water to plants.
Example: My mom waters the plants every morning.

 
17. Cover (v)
Meaning: To put something over or on top of something else.
Example: Farmers cover the soil with plastic so grass cannot grow.

 
18. Replant (v)
Meaning: To plant something again.
Example: Farmers replant their crops after the flood.

 
19. Sow (v)
Meaning: To put seeds into the ground so they can grow.
Example: Farmers sow rice seeds for about two months before they can transplant.

 
20. Row (n)
Meaning: A line of things arranged next to each other.
Example: Farmers often plant their crops in straight rows.

 
21. Seed (n)
Meaning: A small part of a plant that can grow into a new plant.
Example: We can eat sunflower's seeds.

 
22. In advance
Meaning: Before something happens or before the expected time.
Example: Farmers prepare the soil in advance before planting thier crops.

 
23. Take care of
Meaning: To look after someone or something.
Example: Farmers take care of their crops every day by watering, weeding and fertilising.

1. What is active voice?

In active voice, the subject does the action. It can be in present, past and future. 

Example : My mom waters the plants every morning.

In the example above, the subject " my mom" does or initiate the action" water" and the object is the " plants". 

• Subject = doer
• Action = verb
• Object = receiver 

More examples

Farmers grow different crops along the river banks.

(Explanation : The subject " farmers" does the action " grow" to the object " crops".) 

Fishermen catch fish every day in Mekong River. 

( Explanation : The subject " fishermen" does the action " catch" to the object " fish".)

Teacher assigns homework regularly. 

(Explanation : The subject " teacher" does the action " assign" to the object " homework".) 

Cambodia exports rice to some countries.

( Explanation : The subject " Cambodia" does the action " export" to the object " rice".)

Khmer Explanation

Active voice : ជាប្រយោគដែលប្រធានជាអ្នកធ្វើអំពើ ដូចក្នុងឧទាហរណ៍ខាងលើ ( My mom waters the plants every morning.) ម៉ាក់ខ្ញំស្រោចរុក្ខជាតិជារៀងរាល់ព្រឹក។ យើងសង្កេតឃើញថា ប្រធាន my mom ធ្វើអំពើ water ទៅលើ plants ដែលជាកម្មបទ។ Active Voice យើងអាចហៅថាប្រយោគកម្ម។ 

2. What is Passive Voice? 

In Passive Voice, the subject receives the action. This is the positive form of Present passive Voice : Sub + am/is/are + Past Participle (V3) ..by.......

Example : Different kinds of crops are grown along the river banks. 

Explanation : The subject " crops" receives the action of " grow". 

When changing from an active to a passive voice, the object becomes the subject.

Example

Active voice : Dara feeds his pets 2 times a day. 

Passive Voice : Pets are fed 2 times a day by Dara. 

Explanation : In active voice, the object " pets" become the subject in passive voice. 

More examples

Rice is grown a lot in Cambodia. 

(Explanation : Subject " rice" receives the action of " grow". 

Plants are watered every morning by my mom. 

(Explanation : The subject " plants" receives the action of " water" from the doer " my mom".) 

Fishes are caught every day by the fishermen.

( Explanation : The subject " fishes" receives the action of " catch" from the doer " fishermen". 

River Life – Vocabulary & Grammar Quiz

Choose the best answer for each question.

Question 1 of 20