What is Reported Speech?

Reported speech or indirect speech is used to report someone's speech. We have to change the pronoun, tense and time. Reported speech ក៏អាចត្រូវបានគេហៅថា Indirect speech នៅពេលយើងប្តូរ direct speech ទៅជា reported speech យើងត្រូវដូរ សព្វនាម (pronoun) កាល (tense) និងពេលវេលា (times)។

Change of Pronoun

I > he / she
My >his /her
Me > him / her
We > they
Our > their
Us > them
He, she, it > he, she, it ( No change)

Change of Tense

ពេលយើងប្តូរ Direct Speech ទៅ Reported Speech យើងត្រូវប្តូរមួយកាលថយក្រោយ ។

Present Simple > Past Simple
Present Perfect > Past Perfect
Past Simple > Past Perfect
Past Continuous > Past Perfect Continuous
Future with " will" > Future with " would"
Past Perfect > Past Perfect

Change of Times

Now > then
Today > that day
Yesterday > the day before
Tomorrow > the next day
Next > the following

Other changes

Here > there
this > that
these > those

Reporting Statement

Form : [ Sub + said (that) sub + verb (one tense back)...]

សម្រាប់ statement យើងប្រើកិរិយាស័ព្ទ said ហើយ that ប្រើក៏បានអត់ក៏បាន បន្ទាប់មក ប្រធាន (subject) និង កិរិយាស័ព្ទ (verb) ១កាលថយក្រោយ។

Direct Speech : BDM said, " I drink coffee every day."

Reported Speech : Mr. BDM said that he drank coffee every day.

ក្នុងឧទាហរណ៍ខាងលើ យើងបាន ប្តូរ I ទៅជា he កិរិយាសព្ទ drink ទៅជា drank។

Direct Speech : ROZA said, " I went to bed very late last night."

Reported Speech : Roza said she had gone to bed late the night before.

ក្នុងឧទាហរណ៍ខាងលើ យើងបាន ប្តូរ I ទៅជា she កិរិយាសព្ទ went ទៅជា had gone និង last night ទៅជា the night before ។

Reporting Questions

Yes/No Question

Form : [ Sub + asked + if/whether + Sub + V (one tense back)....]

សំណួរខ្លី (Yes/No question) ក្នុង Reported speech យើងប្រើកិរិយាស័ព្ទ asked បន្ទាប់មកយើងប្រើ if ឬ whether ប្រធាន (subject) កិរិយាស័ព្ទ (verb) ១កាលថយក្រោយ និងមិនមានសញ្ញាសួរទេ។

Direct speech : Teacher to the students, " Do you have any questions?"

Reported speech : Teacher asked if we had any questions.

Direct speech: Mom to me, " Did you clean your room last week?"

Reported speech : Mom asked me if I had cleaned my room the week before.

Wh-Question

Form : [ Sub + asked + wh-word + Sub + V (one tense back)....]

សំណួរវែង (wh-question) ក្នុង Reported speech យើងប្រើកិរិយាស័ព្ទ asked បន្ទាប់មកយើងប្រើ wh-word ប្រធាន (subject) កិរិយាស័ព្ទ (verb) ១កាលថយក្រោយ និងមិនមានសញ្ញាសួរទេ។

Direct speech : Teacher to the student, " What topic are you going to pick for your presentation?"

Reported speech : Teacher asked what topic we were going to pick for our presentation.

Direct speech : Theary to her son, "What time did you go to bed last night?"

Reported speech : Theary asked what time her son had gone to bed the night before.

Direct speech : My friend to me, " What do you always do on the weekend?"

Reported speech : My friend asked me what I always did on the weekend.

Reporting Commands/ Requests

Form : [ Sub + reporting verb + sb + infinitive ( to + V1) ]

Reporting verbs

told : ប្រាប់អោយ
advised : ណែរនាំអោយ
recommended : ណែរនាំអោយ
instructed : ណែរនាំអោយ
suggested : ណែរនាំអោយ
encouraged : លើកទឹកចិត្តអោយ
urged : ជម្រុញអោយ
warned : ព្រមានអោយ

Example

Direct speech : Teacher to the students, "Turn to page 10."

Reported speech : Teacher told the students to turn to page 10.

Direct speech : Doctor to me, " You should get enough sleep and do exercise regularly."

Doctor advised me to get enough sleep and do exercise regularly.

Note: If the reporting verbs are in the present, we don't have to change the tense. Especially when we are talking about facts and habits. ប្រសិនបើ reporting verb ស្ថិតក្នុង Present Simple យើងមិនចាំដូរកាលទេ គឺទុកកាលជា Present Simple ដដែល។ ជាពិសេសនៅពេលដែលយើងនិយាយាអ្វីដែលជាការពិត និងទម្លាប់ សូមមើលឧទាហរណ៍ខាងក្រោម។

Direct Speech: Mr. BDM says, "I drink a cup of coffee every morning."